LESSON 9: TIME

English people say that time is money, while Arabians say that it is like a sword. These views show the importance of time. When I leant Dutch, I found that there are many rules in stating a time by which I was in trouble. Different from Dutch, in Indonesian we just mention the number of the hour followed by it’s number of the minute.

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Example:

12:30 am = jam dua belas (lewat) tiga puluh (menit) pagi.

12:30 pm = jam dua belas (lewat) tiga puluh (menit) sore.

7: 15 am = jam tujuh (lewat) lima belas (menit) pagi.

7: 15 pm = jam tujuh (lewat) lima belas (menit) sore.

5: 10 am = jam lima (lewat) sepuluh (menit) pagi.

5: 10 pm = jam lima (lewat) sepuluh (menit) sore.

14: 13 = jam empat belas tiga belas

20: 7 = jam dua puluh tujuh

23: 1 = jam dua puluh tiga satu

Or you can also change “15 minutes” with “seperempat” (a quarter) and “30 minutues” with “setengah jam” (half an hour). “Over” is “lebih”, while “to” is “kurang”.

Contoh. Example:

12:15 = jam dua belas lewat seperempat.

11:45 = jam dua belas kurang seperempat, or sebelas lewat empat puluh lima.

Contoh. Example:

A: Jam berapa kita akan bertemu di kantor? What time will we meet in the office?

B: (Pada) jam 10:15 pagi. At 10:15 am.

A: Jam berapa (sekarang)? What time is it (now)?

B: Sekarang jam 10. It is 10 (am).

A: Jadi kita punya sisa waktu 15 menit. So we have 15 minutes left.

B: Ya. Yes.

Note: pagi means morning, sore means afternoon.

LESSON 8: DAYS IN A WEEK AND MONTHS IN A YEAR

Indonesia has thousands of words from foreign languages, especially from Arabic, Dutch, and English. In this lesson we will learn the name of days in a week and months in a year. The name of the days is from Arabic, and the name of the months is from English.

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Days in a week:

Minggu or Ahad = Sunday

Senin = Monday

Selasa = Tuesday

Rabu = Wednesday

Kamis = Thursday

Jum’at = Friday

Sabtu = Saturday


Months in a year

Januari = January

Februari = February

Maret = March

April = April

Mei = May

Juni = June

Juli = July

Agustus = August

September = September

Oktober = October

November = November

Desember = December


Example:

1. Hari apa hari ini? = What day is today?
2. Hari ini hari Minggu = Today is Sunday.
3. Hari apa besok = What day is tomorrow?
4. Besok hari Senin = Tomorrow is Monday.
5. Bulan apa bulan ini? = What month is this month?
6. Bulan ini bulan Januari = This month is January.


Vocabulary:

Hari (day), apa (what), ini (this), besok (tomorrow), bulan (month).

LESSON 7: ORDINAL NUMBERS

It is proven that Indonesian is very easy. If you want to make a cardinal number, just say “ke-“ in front of its cardinal number. Look at the table and hear me to know how these numbers are pronounced. Afterwards, look also at the first lesson.

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No. Cardinal Numbers [] Ordinal Numbers

1st= Pertama or kesatu
2nd= Kedua
3rd= Ketiga
4th= Keempat
5th= Kelima
6th= Keenam
7th= Ketujuh
8th= Kedelapan
9th= Kesembilan
10th= Kesepuluh
11st= Kesebelas
12nd Kedua belas
13rd= Ketiga belas
14th= Keempat belas
15th= Kelima belas
16th= Keenam belas
17th= Ketujuh belas
18th= Kedelapan belas
19th= Kesembilan belas
20th=Kedua puluh
21st= Kedua puluh satu
22nd= Kedua puluh dua
23rd= Kedua puluh tiga
24th= Kedua puluh empat
25th= Kedua puluh lima
Dan seterusnya (etc.)

1. Saya orang pertama yang masuk kelas ini = I am the first man who came in this class.
2. Kamu orang ketiga yang membeli buku itu = You are the third man who bought that book.
3. Dia orang keduapuluh yang lulus ujian = She/he is the 20th (wom)man who passed the exam.

LESSON 6: GREETINGS

In this lesson we will learn how an Indonesian addresses some. These are the common greetings. Read by heart and listen to me:

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Hallo - Hello
Selamat datang - welcome
Selamat pagi - good morning
Selamat siang – good day
Selamat sore – good afternoon
Selamat malam – good evening
Selamat tidur – good night
Senang bertemu denganmu – nice to see you
Senang bertemu dengan Anda – nice to see you
Sampai ketemu – good bye, see you later

In the greetings you see “selamat” which is equal to “good”. “Selamat” literarily means “safe”. You also see “-mu”. It is a suffix of “kamu” (you). I will explain it in detail later. Then, there is also “Anda”. It is the formal form of “kamu”.

Now you can read the greetings aloud.

LESSON 5: PRONOUNS

One of the reasons why Indonesian is easy to be leant is that we have only a few rules in the grammar. You recognize me, you, us, him, her, etc., in English, hu, ha, hum, hunna, etc., in Arabic, and me/mij, je/jou/u, hem, haar, etc., in Dutch, we just have saya (I), kamu/anda (you), dia (she/he), kami (we), kalian (pl. you), kita (we), and mereka (they). These pronouns are used either as a subject, object, adjective, or others.

Look at these examples:

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1. Saya pergi ke perpustakaan (I go to the library).
2. Dia memukul saya (She/he hits me).
3. Buku itu punya saya (That book is mine).

In Indonesia we do not differentiate between “she” and “he”. They are the same, “dia” or “ia” in short. Be careful, we do not differentiate between “she” and “he”, but we do between “kami” (we) and “kita” (we). When someone says “kami, it means that you are not a part of them and when she/he says “kita”, it means that you are a part of them.

To be clear, pay attention to the following situation. Imagine you are a father of four children. You are talking with them. One of them says:

1. Kami akan bermain sepak bola di lapangan = We will play football in the yard. It means that they will play football in the yard, but you will not. But, if she/he says:
2. Kita akan bermain sepak bola di lapangan = we will play football in the yard, it means they and you will play football in the yard.

This is the pronouns in Indonesian:

Saya/aku (I), kamu/anda (you), dia/ia (she, he), kami (we), kita (we), kalian (pl. you), mereka (they). Unfortunately, we don’t have “it”. When we talk, we mention the thing of it.

1. Ibu saya membeli kucing. Kucing itu berwarna hitam.
2. My mother buys a cat. The cat (it) is black.

LESSON 4: COUNTING (2)

So, if you want to count from 11-19, you just add “belas” after each number. 11 is sebelas. Se- in Indonesian means one. For example, sepuluh (10), seratus (100), seribu (1000), etc. Look at these examples: 11 (sebelas), 12 (dua belas), 13 (tiga belas), 14 (empat belas), and so on.

Now, if you want to count numbers with one zero behind the numbers, you just add “puluh” behind them. For example: 10 (sepuluh), 20 (dua puluh), 30 (tiga puluh), 40 (empat puluh), etc. See this number, 25. How do you say it in Indonesian? It is 20 and 5, dua puluh lima. 34=tiga puluh empat, 44, empat puluh empat, 73=tujuh puluh tiga, etc.

The same rule is applied to the form of -00, 1000-, etc. Just mention one by one, from the left to the right. 100 is seratus, 120=seratus dua puluh, 134=seratus tiga puluh empat, 200=dua ratus, 300=tiga ratus, 333=tiga ratus tiga puluh tiga.

For a further lesson on counting, look at thins link.

LESSON 3-NAMES

In the second lesson we learn how to pronounce the letters in the alphabet. Now we will learn how Indonesian words are pronounced. Different from English, almost Indonesian words are pronounced like what they are. The exeptional examples will be given later. Now, hear me and look at the words from A to Z.

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Anak=Son, daughter
Bapak=Father
Buku=Book
Baju=Clothes
Cantik=Beautiful
Cukup=Enough
Duduk=To sit
Dari=From
Engkau=You
Empat=Four
Elang=Eagle
Hari ini=Yoday
Huruf=Letter (of the alphabet)
Ibu=Mother
Ikan=Fish
Jalan=Road, way
Jum’at=Friday
Kalimat=Sentence
Kantor=Office
Kebun =Garden
Kemarin=Yesterday
Kiyai=Islamic religious teacher
Komputer=Computer
Lagu=song
Lantai=Floor
Lusa =The day after tomorrow
Makan=To eat
Manusia=Human being, people
Membaca=To read
Musik=music
Negara=State, country
Nama=Name
Nelayan=fisherman
Oleh=By
Orang=person
Oleh-oleh=Gift, present
Pelajar=Student
Pensil=Pencil
Presiden=president
Pulpen=Ballpoint
Radio=Radio
Rahasia=Secret
Rakyat=people
Rumah=House
Sawah=rice field
Sekolah=School
Siswa=Student
Taman=Garden
Tangga=Stair
Tidur=To sleep
Upah=Salary
Usaha=Effort, trial
Untuk=For
Vital=Vital
Vitamin=Vitamin
Xanana (pr.n) =Xanana
Yang=Which, that, who
Yunus=Yunus
Yaitu=namely
Zaman=Age

LESSON 2: ALPHABET

Before I teach to count numbers in the forms of 100 and 1000, and so on, I think it is better for you to know how the alphabet is pronounced. If you have heard Dutch people pronounce the alphabet in Dutch, it is almost the same as an Indonesian does.

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This is the list of letters in the alphabet: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. Now, listen to me:

LESSON 1: COUNTING (1)

My friends said that they could understand and speak Indonesian after they learnt it within six months. It is amazing. I need years to understand English and Arabic, but still my English and Arabic are not good. The languages that I can understand well are Sundanese, Javanese, and Indonesian. But now I am also learning Dutch. Inspired by Lauraspeaksducth, I created this blog for you. I will post the lessons regularly. Don't worry, Indonesian is very easy. My friends prove it. Now, we begin our lesson by counting from 0-31.

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0 Nol [] 17 Tujuh belas
1 Satu [] 18 Delapan belas
2 Dua [] 19 Sembilan belas
3 Tiga [] 20 Dua puluh
4 Empat [] 21 Dua puluh satu
5 Lima [] 22 Dua puluh dua
6 Enam [] 23 Dua puluh tiga
7 Tujuh [] 24 Dua puluh empat
8 Delapan [] 25 Dua puluh lima
9 Sembilan [] 26 Dua puluh enam
10 Sepuluh [] 27 Dua puluh tujuh
11 Sebelas [] 28 Dua puluh delapan
12 Dua belas [] 29 Dua puluh sembilan
13 Tiga belas [] 30 Tiga puluh
14 Empat belas [] 31 Tiga puluh satu
15 Lima belas [] etc Dan seterusnya
16 Enam belas


It is very easy, isn't it? In the next lesson I will teach you how to count 100-s, 1000-s, etc. See you in the next sessions.